Rendements d’utilisation et consommation d’énergie au Québec

The concept of useful energy consumption has been used by some authors by weighting observed energy consumptions. It is argued in this paper that the weights should not be the regression parameter estimates of the GNP on various forms of energy consumptions as they are now, but they should be the mechanical use efficiency of each energy form. A number of functional forms of the GNP are then obtained, all very good from the econometric viewpoint. Finally, it is pointed out that the rate of substitution between different forms of energy does depend on the functional form of the GN

Optimal multiple FSO transceiver configuration for using on High-altitude platforms

Free-space optical (FSO) communication requires light of sight (LoS) between the transmitter and the receiver. For long-distance communication, many research projects have been conducted towards using a network composed of high-altitude platforms (HAPs) flying at an elevation of 20 km to carry intermediate FSO transceivers that forward data between ground stations. The clear environment at high elevations prevents terrestrial obstacles from cutting the LoS between the transceivers. An FSO transceiver on a HAP can communicate with ground stations within a small area owing to its limited beam size. We suggest using multiple FSO transceivers on a HAP to extend its ground coverage. However, the use of too many FSO transceivers may quickly exhaust the onboard energy of the HAP. As a result, HAP must be lowered to recharge frequently. In this study, we first propose a configuration of multiple FSO transceivers to widen the ground coverage of a HAP. We then propose a set of closed-form expressions to calculate the extended coverage. Finally, to implement a HAP network using multiple FSO transceivers, we seek the optimal configuration of multiple FSO transceivers that minimizes the total cost of the HAP network, including amortization, energy, and maintenance costs. The simulation results show that the proposed multiple FSO transceiver configuration clearly increases the ground coverage of a HAP and significantly reduces the cost of the HAP network.Comment: Submitted to an IEEE journa

Beam Size Optimization for High-Altitude Platforms to Ground Links in FSO Communications

Free-space optical (FSO) communication has been used in practice mainly for short-distance transmission because it requires light of sight (LoS) between the transmitter and receiver. For long-distance communication, to avoid terrestrial obstacles, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) flying at stratosphere are used to carry intermediate FSO transceivers which relay data through several hops from the source to the destination stations. A HAP can communicate with a large ground area if its FSO transceiver projects a wide beam onto the ground. However, an excessively large beam makes the FSO transceiver consume a lot of energy. This study investigates the problem of finding individual optimal beam sizes for FSO transceivers on HAPs so that the total cost of the HAP network, including the amortization, energy, and maintenance costs, is minimized. An optimization algorithm was proposed and implemented. The simulation results show the network designed by the algorithm achieves a nearly optimal number of HAPs, leading to a low network cost

Rendements d’utilisation et consommation d’énergie au Québec

The concept of useful energy consumption has been used by some authors by weighting observed energy consumptions. It is argued in this paper that the weights should not be the regression parameter estimates of the GNP on various forms of energy consumptions as they are now, but they should be the mechanical use efficiency of each energy form. A number of functional forms of the GNP are then obtained, all very good from the econometric viewpoint. Finally, it is pointed out that the rate of substitution between different forms of energy does depend on the functional form of the GNP

FIELD EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC PARAMETERS OF PROMISED-INTRODUCED TOMATO CULTIVARS (Solanum Lycopersicon Mill) IN WINTER-SPRING SEASON 2016–2017 IN THUA THIEN HUE, VIETNAM

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the growth ability and yield of promised-introduced tomato cultivars during winter-spring season 2016–2017 in Thua Thien Hue province. A total of eight cultivar treatments were used, namely GC171, GC173, CLN2001A, CLN5915, CLN1621L, Hawai7996, Cherry, and ThuanDien. Three promising cultivars (CLN2001A, CLN5915, and CLN1621L) were selected from two previous experiments. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Ten plants per replication were examined. The results show that CLN2001A, GC171, CLN1621L, CLN5915, and Hawai7996 have an early harvest period, ranging from 106 to 109 days, and their morphological and vegetative characteristics of are suitable under Thua Thien Hue conditions. Cultivars CLN5915, CLN1621L, and CLN2001A have a high actual yield with 15.7, 12.1, and 7.8 ton/ha, respectively. The Brix degree of high fruit quality ranges from 4.1 to 4.6 Bx. Therefore, these introduced cultivars can be considered as promising for tomato breeding and cultivation under the local conditions.Keywords: tomato, agronomic characteristics, yield, Thua Thien Hu

La enseñanza del pretérito indefinido y pretérito imperfecto a estudiantes vietnamitas: análisis contrastivo y aplicación didáctica

El estudio de un nuevo idioma siempre ha supuesto un desafío a los estudiantes, especialmente adquirir la gramática de dicha lengua y sus usos correspondientes. Ante esta dificultad de aprendizaje, los profesores se ven ante una necesidad de buscar una nueva metodología para ayudar a sus alumnos a comprender las claves gramaticales y el funcionamiento de la lengua, mientras asegurar que su experiencia de estudio sea entretenida y dinámica. Siguiendo esa línea, este Trabajo Fin de Grado estudia dos tiempos verbales del español: el pretérito imperfecto de indicativo y pretérito indefinido y la expresión del pasado en el vietnamita. Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis contrastivo de los dos tiempos verbales en contraste con la forma de expresar el pasado en vietnamita con el fin de trasladar este estudio al aula de E/LE para alumnos vietnamitas del nivel B1 de español, al mismo tiempo proponer varias unidades didácticas y actividades de carácter lúdico para explicar estos tiempos verbales del pasado en español como lengua extranjera.Foreign language learning has always posed a challenge to students, especially when it comes to grasping the targeted language’s grammar and its detailed uses. As students navigate this learning difficulty, teachers see themselves in the position to explore new methodology in order to assist students with understanding grammatical key points and how the language works, while making sure that their learning experience in the classroom is entertaining and dynamic. Following that path, this bachelor’s thesis thus studies the two Spanish past tenses: pretérito imperfecto de indicativo and pretérito indefinido and the expression of the past tense in Vietnamese. Subsequently, a contrastive analysis of these two tenses in contrast with the expression of the past in Vietnamese is conducted with a purpose of bringing the study into the classroom to teach Vietnamese students of level B1 in Spanish. The studies also proposes various teaching units and activities in a fun way to teach these Spanish past tenses as a foreign language.Departamento de Lengua EspañolaGrado en Español: Lengua y Literatur

A Novel Chebyshev Series Fed Linear Array with High Gain and Low Sidelobe Level for WLAN Outdoor Systems

This paper proposes a novel high gain and low sidelobe level (SLL) linear microstrip array antenna for outdoor WLAN applications. The antenna consists of two main parts, which are a linear array and a reflector. The linear array comprises of 10 elements; those have been designed on Rogers RT/Duroid 5870tm with the dimensions of 422×100×10.15 mm3. To gain low SLLs, a series fed network was designed to have the output signals being proportional to the Chebyshev distributions (with preset SLL of -30 dB). Furthermore, Yagi antenna theory has been applied by adding directors above every single element to increase the directivity of the single element. The reflector has been constructed at the back of the proposed structure. Simulation results show that the array can provide high gain of 17.5 dBi and a low SLL of -26 dB. A prototype has been fabricated and measured. Good agreements between simulation and measurement data have been obtained